Science and War—Signalling by Sunshine

Sunshine and the cardiovascular benefits – a dose of sunshine!

Vitamin D and Death by Sunshine

Exposure to sunlight is the major cause of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun causes damage to DNA by direct absorption and can cause skin cell death. UV also causes production of reactive oxygen species that may interact with DNA to indirectly cause oxidative DNA damage. UV increases accumulation of p53 in skin cells, which upregulates repair genes but promotes death of irrep...

Sunshine and multiple sclerosis.

In 1960, Donald Acheson made the seminal observation that the global distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be related to available hours of sunshine; this observation was met with disbelief at the time. However, over the subsequent more than 50 years, it has become clear that he may well be right. The effect of sunlight exposure and subsequent vitamin D production (generated by photolysis...

Sunshine on MS

tion, and thought that visual solar radiation might provide protection from developing MS. In 1970, a study from Switzerland (which is on a similar latitude in the northern hemisphere as Tasmania is in the southern hemisphere) [5] showed a higher clinical RR in winter and spring months, and a later study (also from the northern hemisphere) [6] of seasonal fluctuations in Gd-enhancing lesions on...

Sunshine or Shield?

How does the use of a secret vote affect the likelihood that legislators will punish their peers? Two contending arguments exist in the literature: some argue that secret voting may be prejudicial, while others argue that it may help accountability. We address this controversy by analyzing the case of the Brazilian Congress, which uses a sequential combination of open and secret voting procedur...